tPBM intervention case : 27-year-old young man with autism
Overview
In this case study, we explore a 6-month transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) intervention applied to a 27-year-old man with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and epilepsy. This young man presented with significant behavioral challenges, including impulsive behavior, difficulties with self-control, and aggression. Here, we outline the intervention approach, changes in EEG patterns, and observed behavioral improvements, demonstrating the potential of tPBM in managing complex cases like this one.
Patient Profile
Main Diagnosis: Autism, Intellectual Disability, OCD, Epilepsy
Chief Complaints: Impulsivity, aggression, and difficulty with self-regulation
Baseline Measurements
EEG results revealed a significant increase in 5–6 Hz Theta waves, indicating heightened slow-wave activity, often associated with cognitive and behavioral symptoms in ASD.
Intervention Protocol
The intervention was carefully designed to address both neurophysiological and behavioral symptoms through a combination of pharmacological and neurostimulation approaches:
Medication Adjustments:
Concerta was introduced alongside existing medications, including valproic acid and risperidone, to support mood stabilization and reduce impulsive behavior.
tPBM (Transcranial Photobiomodulation):
13 Hz global stimulation applied bi-weekly, aimed at increasing EEG activity in the 13 Hz frequency range, which is associated with cognitive and emotional regulation.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS):
Prefrontal cortex targeting: Anodal stimulation to the left and cathodal stimulation to the right, aiming to enhance prefrontal cortex function, which is critical for self-control and impulse regulation.
Duration of Intervention
6 months with regular follow-up EEG assessments and behavioral observations.
G1 (Baseline) G2(6 month follow up) comparison, in the relative power, also clearly shows decrease of slow wave and increase of PBM frequency(13Hz) globally which is entrainment effect of tPBM
Follow-Up Findings
EEG Changes: At the 6-month mark, EEG assessments revealed:
A decrease in Theta waves (5–6 Hz), indicating reduced slow-wave activity.
An increase in 13 Hz activity, reflecting effective entrainment and enhanced cortical functioning.
The changes in both absolute and relative power (Fig. 1A & 1B) show a global increase in the 13 Hz frequency, suggesting successful entrainment by tPBM.
Behavioral Improvements
Over the intervention period, marked behavioral improvements were observed:
Reduced impulsivity and aggression: The patient demonstrated improved self-control and fewer outbursts.
Enhanced verbal communication: He began engaging more frequently in verbal exchanges, reflecting improved social interactions and emotional regulation.
These behavioral changes align with the neurophysiological shifts seen in EEG, supporting the potential of tPBM and tDCS as adjunctive therapies for individuals with ASD.
Conclusion
This case underscores the promising role of tPBM in managing complex behavioral and neurophysiological challenges in autism. By combining tPBM, medication, and tDCS, the intervention produced significant positive changes in EEG patterns and behavior, offering a potential pathway for improved outcomes in similar cases.
Note: Figures 1A and 1B illustrate the changes in absolute and relative power from baseline to follow-up, showing a decrease in slow-wave (Theta) activity and an increase in the targeted 13 Hz frequency, achieved through entrainment.
